How much do you know about the knowledge of abrasives?

Abrasives occupy a pivotal position in industrial production. They are known as "industrial teeth" and are indispensable tools in machining. This article will take you in-depth understanding of the basics of abrasive, classification, application and selection principles.
01. Abrasive Abrasives Overview
Abrasives Abrasives are the tools and materials used in the grinding, lapping and polishing process. Abrasives are the materials that play a cutting role in these processes, and abrasives are tools that bond abrasives and bonds to a certain shape and size. Abrasive abrasives are widely used in machinery manufacturing, metal processing, food processing, paper industry and ceramic, glass, stone, plastic, rubber, wood and other non-metallic materials processing fields.
02. Classification of abrasives
Abrasives are mainly divided into two categories: natural abrasives and artificial abrasives.
1. Natural abrasives
All materials that can be used for grinding or grinding in nature are collectively referred to as natural abrasives. Common natural abrasives include diamond, corundum, etc. Among them, diamond with its high hardness and wear resistance in the correction of grinding wheel, processing difficult to process materials (such as hard alloy, gem glass, stone, etc.). Although sapphire and ruby in natural corundum are mainly used for jewelry, ordinary corundum can be used as abrasive for the manufacture of grinding wheels, oilstones, sandpaper, etc.
2. Artificial abrasives
Artificial abrasives are obtained by artificial synthesis and have a wider range of applications. Corundum series of artificial abrasives include corundum, white corundum, zirconium corundum, single crystal corundum and so on. They have their own characteristics, such as brown corundum medium hardness, good toughness, low price, suitable for processing high tensile strength of metal; white corundum hardness is slightly higher than brown corundum, good self-sharpening, grinding ability; single crystal corundum has higher hardness and toughness, but the production cost is higher. In addition, silicon carbide abrasives such as black silicon carbide, green silicon carbide, etc., because of its high hardness, brittleness and strong wear resistance, suitable for processing hard and brittle metal and non-metallic products.
03, the classification of grinding tools
Grinding tools can be divided into natural grinding tools and artificial grinding tools according to the source of raw materials. Natural abrasives mainly include oilstones, etc., while artificial abrasives are divided into five categories according to the shape and structural characteristics of grinding wheels, grinding heads, oilstones, sand tiles (collectively referred to as consolidated abrasives) and coated abrasives. In addition, abrasives are also considered a class of abrasive tools.
The bonded abrasive tool is composed of three parts: abrasive, bonding agent and air hole, in which the abrasive plays a cutting role, the bonding agent is used to consolidate the abrasive into a certain shape, and the air hole plays a role of chip holding and chip removal. Binding agents are divided into inorganic binding agents (such as ceramics, rhomboid, sodium silicate) and organic binding agents (such as resin, rubber, shellac), of which the most commonly used are ceramic, resin and rubber binding agents.
04. The selection principle of abrasive
When selecting abrasive, it should be determined according to the nature of the workpiece material, machining accuracy, surface roughness and grinding efficiency. Specifically, the following principles should be followed:
Abrasive selection: when grinding workpiece materials with high hardness, abrasive with higher hardness should be selected; when grinding workpiece materials with high tensile strength, abrasive with high toughness should be selected; when grinding materials with low tensile strength, silicon carbide abrasive with brittleness or high strength should be selected.
Particle size selection: when the roughness of the ground workpiece is high, coarse grain size should be selected; when the surface roughness is low, fine grain size should be selected. When the geometric accuracy of the workpiece is required to be high and the contact area is small, fine granularity should be selected; when the contact area is large, coarse granularity should be selected.
Hardness selection: When grinding hard materials, you should choose a softer abrasive tool to allow the blunt abrasive particles to fall off in time; when grinding soft materials, you should choose a harder abrasive tool to prevent the unblunt particles from falling off prematurely. In addition, the grinding wheel linear speed, workpiece speed, thermal conductivity and other factors will also affect the choice of abrasive hardness.
Abrasive abrasive as an indispensable tool in industrial production, its performance directly affects the processing quality and efficiency. Therefore, in the selection and use of abrasive abrasive, it is necessary to fully understand its characteristics and applications, follow the principle of selection, in order to achieve a better processing effect. At the same time, with the continuous progress of science and technology and the continuous innovation of technology, the types and properties of abrasives will continue to enrich and improve, providing more powerful support for industrial production.